#

# GATE papers

BibTeX entries

### Online Highlights

Diana Maynard and Valentin Tablan and Cristian Ursu and Hamish Cunningham and Yorick Wilks. Named Entity Recognition from Diverse Text Types. Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2001 Conference, Tzigov Chark, Bulgaria. PDF.

H. Cunningham. Software Architecture for Language Engineering. PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000.

H. Cunningham and D. Maynard and V. Tablan. JAPE: a Java Annotation Patterns Engine (Second Edition). Technical report CS--00--10, University of Sheffield, Department of Computer Science, 2000. PostScript.

H. Cunningham, K. Bontcheva, W. Peters, Y. Wilks. Uniform language resource access and distribution in the context of a General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE). Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontologies and Language Resources (OntoLex'2000), Sozopol, Bulgaria, 8-10 September, 2000.

K. Bontcheva and H. Brugman and A. Russel and P. Wittenburg and H. Cunningham. An Experiment in Unifying Audio-Visual and Textual Infrastructures for Language Processing R&D. In Workshop on Using Toolsets and Architectures To Build NLP Systems at COLING-2000, Luxembourg, 2000.

H. Cunningham and K. Bontcheva and V. Tablan and Y. Wilks. Software Infrastructure for Language Resources: a Taxonomy of Previous Work and a Requirements Analysis. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Language Resources Evaluation, Athens, 2000. Abstract. PDF. HTML.

D. Maynard and H. Cunningham and K. Bontcheva and R. Catizone and G. Demetriou and R. Gaizauskas and O. Hamza and M. Hepple and P. Herring and B. Mitchell and M. Oakes and W. Peters and A. Setzer and M. Stevenson and V. Tablan and C. Ursu and Y. Wilks. A Survey of Uses of GATE. Technical report CS--00--06, University of Sheffield, Department of Computer Science, 2000. HTML.

Gambäck, Björn and Olsson, Fredrik. Experiences of Language Engineering Algorithm Reuse. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Language Resources Evaluation, Athens, 2000. PostScript.

H. Cunningham and R. Gaizauskas and K. Humphreys and Y. Wilks. Experience with a Language Engineering Architecture: Three Years of GATE. In Proceedings of the AISB'99 Workshop on Reference Architectures and Data Standards for NLP, The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour, Edinburgh, U.K. Apr, 1999. HTML.

H. Cunningham and W. Peters and C. McCauley and K. Bontcheva and Y. Wilks. A Level Playing Field for Language Resource Evaluation. In Workshop on Distributing and Accessing Lexical Resources at Conference on Language Resources Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 1998. HTML. PostScript.

H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and Y. Wilks. Software Infrastructure for Natural Language Processing. In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing (ANLP-97), Mar, 1997. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cs.CL/9702005. Local PostScript.

R. Gaizauskas, H. Cunningham, Y. Wilks, P. Rodgers, and K. Humphreys. GATE: An Environment to Support Research and Development in Natural Language Engineering. In Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, Toulouse, France, 1996. Abstract, Postscript

### Comprehensive list

H. Cunningham. Software Architecture for Language Engineering. PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000.

### Journals and conferences

Diana Maynard and Valentin Tablan and Cristian Ursu and Hamish Cunningham and Yorick Wilks. Named Entity Recognition from Diverse Text Types. Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2001 Conference, Tzigov Chark, Bulgaria. PDF.

A.M. McEnery and P. Baker and R. Gaizauskas and H. Cunningham. EMILLE: Building a Corpus of South Asian Languages. Vivek, A Quarterly in Artificial Intelligence. Number 3, Volume 13, Pages 23-32. 2000.

H. Cunningham, K. Bontcheva, W. Peters, Y. Wilks. Uniform language resource access and distribution in the context of a General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE). Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontologies and Language Resources (OntoLex'2000), Sozopol, Bulgaria, 8-10 September, 2000.

K. Bontcheva and H. Brugman and A. Russel and P. Wittenburg and H. Cunningham. An Experiment in Unifying Audio-Visual and Textual Infrastructures for Language Processing R&D. In Workshop on Using Toolsets and Architectures To Build NLP Systems at COLING-2000, Luxembourg, 2000.

H. Cunningham and D. Maynard and K. Bontcheva and V. Tablan and Y. Wilks. Experience of using GATE for NLP R&D. In Workshop on Using Toolsets and Architectures To Build NLP Systems at COLING-2000, Luxembourg, 2000. PostScript. HTML.

H. Cunningham and K. Bontcheva and V. Tablan and Y. Wilks. Software Infrastructure for Language Resources: a Taxonomy of Previous Work and a Requirements Analysis. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Language Resources Evaluation, Athens, 2000. Abstract. PDF. HTML.

H. Cunningham and R. Gaizauskas, and K. Humphreys and Y. Wilks. Experience with a Language Engineering Architecture: Three Years of GATE. In Proceedings of the AISB'99 Workshop on Reference Architectures and Data Standards for NLP, The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour, Edinburgh, U.K. Apr, 1999. HTML.

H. Cunningham and W. Peters and C. McCauley and K. Bontcheva and Y. Wilks. A Level Playing Field for Language Resource Evaluation. In Workshop on Distributing and Accessing Lexical Resources at Conference on Language Resources Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 1998. HTML. PostScript.

H. Cunningham and M. Stevenson and Y. Wilks. Implementing a Sense Tagger within a General Architecture for Language Engineering.Proceedings of the Third Conference on New Methods in Language Engineering (NeMLaP-3), pages 59-72, Sydney, Australia, 1998.

M. Stevenson and H. Cunningham and Y. Wilks. Sense Tagging and Language Engineering. In Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI-98), pages 185-189, Brighton, UK, 1998.

W. Peters and H. Cunningham and C. McCauley and K. Bontcheva and Y. Wilks. Uniform Language Resource Access and Distribution. In Workshop on Distributing and Accessing Lexical Resources at Conference on Language Resources Evaluation, Granada, Spain, 1998.

H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and Y. Wilks. Software Infrastructure for Natural Language Processing. In Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing (ANLP-97), Mar, 1997. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cs.CL/9702005. Local PostScript.

H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and Y. Wilks. GATE -- a TIPSTER-based General Architecture for Text Engineering. In Proceedings of the TIPSTER Text Program (Phase III) 6 Month Workshop, DARPA, Morgan Kaufmann, California, May, 1997. PostScript.

H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and Y. Wilks. TIPSTER-Compatible Projects at Sheffield. In Advances in Text Processing, TIPSTER Program Phase II, DARPA, Morgan Kaufmann, California, 1996.

H. Cunningham and Y. Wilks and R. Gaizauskas. New Methods, Current Trends and Software Infrastructure for NLP. In Proceedings of the Conference on New Methods in Natural Language Processing (NeMLaP-2), Bilkent University, Turkey, Sep, 1996. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cs.CL/9607025. Local PostScript.

R. Gaizauskas, H. Cunningham, Y. Wilks, P. Rodgers, and K. Humphreys. GATE: An Environment to Support Research and Development in Natural Language Engineering. In Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, Toulouse, France, 1996. Abstract, Postscript

H. Cunningham and Y. Wilks and R. Gaizauskas. GATE -- a General Architecture for Text Engineering. In Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-96), Copenhagen, Aug, 1996. PostScript.

H. Cunningham and Y. Wilks and R. Gaizauskas. Software Infrastructure for Language Engineering. In Proceedings of the AISB Workshop on Language Engineering for Document Analysis and Recognition, Brighton, U.K. Apr, 1996.

H. Cunningham and M. Freeman and W.J. Black. Software Reuse, Object-Oriented Frameworks and Natural Language Processing. In New Methods in Language Processing (NeMLaP-1), September 1994, (Re-published in book form 1997 by UCL Press), Manchester, 1994.

### Tech reports etc.

H. Cunningham and D. Maynard and V. Tablan. JAPE: a Java Annotation Patterns Engine (Second Edition). Technical report CS--00--10, University of Sheffield, Department of Computer Science, 2000. PostScript.

D. Maynard and H. Cunningham and K. Bontcheva and R. Catizone and G. Demetriou and R. Gaizauskas and O. Hamza and M. Hepple and P. Herring and B. Mitchell and M. Oakes and W. Peters and A. Setzer and M. Stevenson and V. Tablan and C. Ursu and Y. Wilks. A Survey of Uses of GATE. Technical report CS--00--06, University of Sheffield, Department of Computer Science, 2000. HTML.

H. Brugman and K. Bontcheva and P. Wittenburg and H. Cunningham. Integrating Multimedia and Textual Software Architectures for Language Technology. Max-Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Nethedlands, 1999.

H. Cunningham. JAPE: a Java Annotation Patterns Engine. Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, May, 1999.

H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and M. Stower. CREOLE Developer's Manual. Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield. 1996. http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/nlp/gate.

R. Gaizauskas and P. Rodgers and H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys. GATE User Guide. Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield. 1996. http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/nlp/gate.

K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and H. Cunningham and S. Azzam. CREOLE Module Specifications. Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/nlp/gate/.

H. Cunningham and R. Gaizauskas and Y. Wilks. A General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) -- a new approach to Language Engineering R&D. Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cs.CL/9601009.

    @UNPUBLISHED{May01,
            AUTHOR             = {Diana Maynard and Valentin Tablan and Cristian Ursu and Hamish Cunningham and Yorick Wilks},
            INSTITUTION        = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield},
            TITLE              = {{Named Entity Recognition from Diverse Text Types}},
            NOTE		   = {{\small Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing 2001 Conference, Tzigov Chark, Bulgaria.}},
            YEAR               = {2001}
    }

    @ARTICLE{McE00,
            AUTHOR             = {A.M. McEnery and P. Baker and R. Gaizauskas and H. Cunningham},
            JOURNAL            = {Vivek, A Quarterly in Artificial Intelligence},
            NUMBER             = {3},
            PAGES              = {23-32},
            TITLE              = {{EMILLE: Building a Corpus of South Asian Languages}},
            VOLUME             = {13},
            YEAR               = {2000}
    }

    @TECHREPORT{Cun00e,
    	AUTHOR          = {H. Cunningham and D. Maynard and V. Tablan},
    	INSTITUTION     = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield},
    	MONTH           = Nov,
    	NUMBER          = {CS--00--10},
    	TITLE           = {{JAPE: a Java Annotation Patterns Engine (Second Edition)}},
    	TYPE            = {Research Memorandum},
    	YEAR            = {2000}
    }

    @PHDTHESIS{Cun00a,
            AUTHOR             = {Hamish Cunningham},
            SCHOOL             = {University of Sheffield},
            TITLE              = {{Software Architecture for Language Engineering}},
            YEAR               = {2000},
    	NOTE		   = {{\small {\tt http://gate.ac.uk/}}}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun00d,
    	AUTHOR		= {H. Cunningham and K. Bontcheva and W. Peters and Y. Wilks},
    	TITLE		= {{Uniform language resource access and distribution in the context of a General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE)}},
    	BOOKTITLE	= {Proceedings of the Workshop on Ontologies and Language Resources (OntoLex'2000)},
    	ADDRESS		= {Sozopol, Bulgaria},
    	MONTH		= {September},
    	YEAR	 	= {2000},
    	NOTE		= {{\small {\tt http://gate.ac.uk/sale/ontolex/ontolex.ps}}}
    }

    @TECHREPORT{May00a,
            AUTHOR             = {Diana Maynard and Hamish Cunningham and Kalina Bontcheva and  Roberta Catizone and George Demetriou and Robert Gaizauskas and Oana Hamza and Mark Hepple and Patrick Herring and Brian Mitchell and Michael Oakes and Wim Peters and Andrea Setzer and Mark Stevenson and Valentin Tablan and Christian Ursu and Yorick Wilks},
            ADDRESS            = {University of Sheffield},
            INSTITUTION        = {Department of Computer Science},
            NUMBER             = {CS--00--06},
            TITLE              = {{A Survey of Uses of GATE}},
            YEAR               = {2000}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun00c,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and D. Maynard and K. Bontcheva and V. Tablan and Y. Wilks},
            ADDRESS            = {Luxembourg},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Using Toolsets and Architectures To Build NLP Systems at COLING-2000},
            TITLE              = {{Experience of using GATE for NLP R\&D}},
            YEAR               = {2000},
    	NOTE		   = {{\small {\tt http://gate.ac.uk/}} }
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun00b,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and K. Bontcheva and V. Tablan and Y. Wilks},
            ADDRESS            = {Athens},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2)},
            TITLE              = {{Software Infrastructure for Language Resources: a Taxonomy of Previous Work and a Requirements Analysis}},
            YEAR               = {2000},
    	NOTE		   = {{\small {\tt http://gate.ac.uk/}} }
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Bon00a,
            AUTHOR             = {Bontcheva, K. and Brugman, H. and Russel, A. and Wittenburg, P. and Cunningham, H.},
            ADDRESS            = {Luxembourg},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Using Toolsets and Architectures To Build NLP Systems at COLING-2000},
            NOTE               = {{\small {\tt http://gate.ac.uk/}}},
            TITLE              = {{An Experiment in Unifying Audio-Visual and Textual Infrastructures for Language Processing R\&D}},
            YEAR               = {2000}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Gamback00,
            AUTHOR             = {Gamb\"{a}ck, B. and Olsson, F.},
            ADDRESS            = {Athens, Greece},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Second International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC)},
            PAGES              = {155-160},
            TITLE              = {{Experiences of Language Engineering Algorithm Reuse}},
            YEAR               = {2000}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun99a,
            AUTHOR             = {Cunningham, H. and Gaizauskas, R.G. and Humphreys, K. and Wilks, Y.},
            ADDRESS            = {Edinburgh, U.K.},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the AISB'99 Workshop on Reference Architectures and Data Standards for NLP},
            PUBLISHER          = {The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour},
            MONTH              = apr,
            TITLE              = {{Experience with a Language Engineering Architecture: Three Years of GATE}},
            YEAR               = {1999}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun98a,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and W. Peters and C. McCauley and K. Bontcheva and Y. Wilks},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Workshop on Distributing and Accessing Lexical Resources at Conference on Language Resources Evaluation, Granada, Spain},
            TITLE              = {{A Level Playing Field for Language Resource Evaluation}},
            YEAR               = {1998}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun97a,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and Y. Wilks},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing (ANLP-97)},
            MONTH              = mar,
            NOTE               = {{\small {\tt http://xxx.lanl.gov/\-abs/cs.CL/9702005}}},
            TITLE              = {{Software Infrastructure for Natural Language Processing}},
            YEAR               = {1997}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Gai96b,
            AUTHOR             = {R.G. Gaizauskas and H. Cunningham and Y. Wilks and P. Rodgers and K. Humphreys},
            ADDRESS            = {Toulouse, France},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the 8th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI-96)},
            MONTH              = oct,
            TITLE              = {{GATE -- an Environment to Support Research and Development in Natural Language Engineering}},
            YEAR               = {1996}
    }

    @InProceedings{Cun98,
      author =       {Cunningham, H. and Stevenson, M. and Wilks, Y.},
      title =        {{Implementing a Sense Tagger within a General Architecture for Language Engineering}},
      booktitle =    {Proceedings of the Third Conference on New Methods in Language Engineering (NeMLaP-3)},
      year =         {1998},
      address =      {Sydney, Australia},
      pages =        {59-72}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Ste98,
            AUTHOR             = {Stevenson, M. and Cunningham, H. and Wilks, Y.},
            ADDRESS            = {Brighton, UK},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the 13th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI-98)},
            PAGES              = {185-189},
            TITLE              = {Sense Tagging and Language Engineering},
            YEAR               = {1998}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Pet98a,
            AUTHOR             = {W. Peters and H. Cunningham and C. McCauley and K. Bontcheva and Y. Wilks},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Workshop on Distributing and Accessing Lexical Resources at Conference on Language Resources Evaluation, Granada, Spain},
            TITLE              = {{Uniform Language Resource Access and Distribution}},
            YEAR               = {1998}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun97e,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and Y. Wilks},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the TIPSTER Text Program (Phase III) 6 Month Workshop},
            MONTH              = may,
            ORGANIZATION       = {DARPA},
            PUBLISHER          = {Morgan Kaufmann, California},
            TITLE              = {{GATE -- a TIPSTER-based General Architecture for Text Engineering}},
            YEAR               = {1997}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun96h,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and Y. Wilks},
            BOOKTITLE          = {{Advances in Text Processing, TIPSTER Program Phase II}},
            ORGANIZATION       = {DARPA},
            PUBLISHER          = {Morgan Kaufmann, California},
            TITLE              = {{TIPSTER-Compatible Projects at Sheffield}},
            YEAR               = {1996}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun96c,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and Y. Wilks and R.J. Gaizauskas},
            ADDRESS            = {Bilkent University, Turkey},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the Conference on New Methods in Natural Language Processing (NeMLaP-2)},
            MONTH              = sep,
            NOTE               = {{\small {\tt http://xxx.lanl.gov/\-abs/cs.CL/9607025}}},
            TITLE              = {{New Methods, Current Trends and Software Infrastructure for NLP}},
            YEAR               = {1996}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun96b,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and Y. Wilks and R. Gaizauskas},
            ADDRESS            = {Copenhagen},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the 16th Conference on Computational Linguistics (COLING-96)},
            MONTH              = aug,
            TITLE              = {{GATE -- a General Architecture for Text Engineering}},
            YEAR               = {1996}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun96,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and Y. Wilks and R. Gaizauskas},
            ADDRESS            = {Brighton, U.K.},
            BOOKTITLE          = {Proceedings of the AISB Workshop on Language Engineering for Document Analysis and Recognition},
            MONTH              = apr,
            TITLE              = {{Software Infrastructure for Language Engineering}},
            YEAR               = {1996}
    }

    @INPROCEEDINGS{Cun94,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and M. Freeman and W.J. Black},
            ADDRESS            = {Manchester},
            BOOKTITLE          = {New Methods in Language Processing (NeMLaP-1), September 1994},
            PUBLISHER          = {(Re-published in book form 1997 by UCL Press)},
            TITLE              = {{Software Reuse, Object-Oriented Frameworks and Natural Language Processing}},
            YEAR               = {1994}
    }

    @TECHREPORT{Bru99a,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Brugman and K. Bontcheva and P. Wittenburg and H. Cunningham},
            ADDRESS            = {Nijmegen, Nethedlands},
            INSTITUTION        = {Max-Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics},
            TITLE              = {{Integrating Multimedia and Textual Software Architectures for Language Technology}},
            TYPE               = {Technical report MPI-TG-99-1},
            YEAR               = {1999}
    }

    @TECHREPORT{Cun99d,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham},
            INSTITUTION        = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield},
            MONTH              = may,
            NUMBER             = {CS -- 99 -- 06},
            TITLE              = {{JAPE: a Java Annotation Patterns Engine}},
            TYPE               = {Research Memorandum},
            YEAR               = {1999}
    }

    @TECHREPORT{Cun96g,
            AUTHOR             = {H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and M. Stower},
            INSTITUTION        = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield},
            NOTE               = {{\small {\tt http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/\-nlp/gate}}},
            ORGANIZATION       = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield.},
            TITLE              = {{CREOLE Developer's Manual}},
            YEAR               = {1996}
    }

    @UNPUBLISHED{Gai96d,
            AUTHOR             = {R. Gaizauskas and P. Rodgers and H. Cunningham and K. Humphreys},
            INSTITUTION        = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield},
            NOTE               = {{\small {\tt http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/\-nlp/gate}}},
            ORGANIZATION       = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield.},
            TITLE              = {{GATE User Guide}},
            YEAR               = {1996}
    }

    @UNPUBLISHED{Hum96,
            AUTHOR             = {K. Humphreys and R. Gaizauskas and H. Cunningham and S. Azzam},
            INSTITUTION        = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield},
            ORGANIZATION       = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield},
            TITLE              = {{CREOLE Module Specifications}},
    	NOTE		   = {{\small {\tt http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/\-nlp/gate/}}},
            YEAR               = {1996}
    }

    @TECHREPORT{Cun95,
            AUTHOR             = {Cunningham, H. and Gaizauskas, R.G. and Wilks, Y.},
            INSTITUTION        = {Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield},
            NOTE               = {{\small {\tt http://xxx.lanl.gov/\-abs/cs.CL/9601009}}},
            NUMBER             = {CS -- 95 -- 21},
            TITLE              = {{A General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) -- a new approach to Language Engineering R\&D}},
            YEAR               = {1995}
    }